Igenamigambi ryindege nikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwo gutunganya amahugurwa.Byakagombye kuba uburyo bwo gutwikira, ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byo gutwikira (harimo no gutanga ibikoresho) hamwe nibikoresho bifasha, ibikoresho bya logistique, ibikoresho byo gutwikira, amashanyarazi atanu yo mu kirere hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo guhuza imbaraga, no muri gahunda yimiterere na gahunda y'ibice, bigira uruhare muri a intera nini yubumenyi bwumwuga, ibintu bya tekinike yo hejuru yibikorwa byo gushushanya.Igishushanyo mbonera cyindege nigice cyingenzi muburyo bwo gushushanya amahugurwa yose, ashingiye kubikenewe, ibikoresho bya mashini, ibikoresho bidafite ubushyuhe hamwe nibikoresho bifasha nibindi bikoresho bifatika, byateguwe mumahugurwa yo gushushanya.Nibice byingenzi byigishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa, ni synthesis yibisubizo byose byo kubara, ikenera kubyara ibikoresho nibikoresho bifite umubare n'ibiranga, umubare w'abakozi, imitunganyirize y'ibikorwa bidasanzwe n'amahugurwa hamwe na amahugurwa yegeranye hagati yubwikorezi nizindi ngingo kugirango atange ibisobanuro byumvikana.Muri make, irashobora kwerekana neza ishusho yose yamahugurwa yo gushushanya, nayo ni ishingiro ryingenzi mugutegura amabwiriza yimikorere, ibikoresho byubukanishi, ibikoresho byubushyuhe butari bisanzwe hamwe nubwubatsi rusange bwububiko rusange.Nibikorwa bigoye, bigomba gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi mbere yuko birangira.Imiterere ya plan ya etage ishingiye cyane cyane kubikorwa byamahugurwa, amahame yo gushushanya, amakuru yibanze hamwe namakuru yo kubara ibikoresho bya mashini nibikoresho bitari bisanzwe.Muri rusange, amahame akurikira agomba kubahirizwa:
1, ukurikije igipimo cyamahugurwa, hitamo ingano ya gahunda, igipimo rusange ni 1: 100, hamwe no gushushanya zeru cyangwa zeru.
2, kubijyanye no guhindura inyubako ishaje, mbere ya byose, ukurikije amakuru yumwimerere yinyubako yuruganda, shushanya gahunda nziza yinganda, nkinyubako nshya yinganda ijyanye nibisabwa na general. imiterere, ihujwe nibikorwa bigomba kumenya uburebure, ubugari n'uburebure bw'inyubako y'uruganda.
3, ukurikije imbonerahamwe yerekana inzira, imbonerahamwe yimodoka itwara imashini hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubunini bwibikoresho, uhereye kumurimo winjira kumpera yimiterere yibikoresho.
4. Hagomba kwitonderwa kudakora igice kinini cyibikoresho hafi yurukuta rwinkingi, kandi umwanya wo gushyiramo umuyoboro rusange w’amashanyarazi, umuyoboro uhumeka hamwe nogushiraho no gufata neza ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi bigomba kubikwa.Iyo inyubako y'uruganda rushaje ivuguruye, cyangwa ibyangombwa bikenewe ntibishobora kwemezwa kubera ibihe bidasanzwe, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi rusange ugomba kwirinda kure hashoboka.
5. Agace gakenewe k'ibikoresho bifasha (nk'igikoresho cyo gutwara no guterura ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu, ibikoresho bifasha mbere yo kuvurwa, electrophorei n'ibikoresho byo gutera, nibindi) bigomba gutekerezwa byuzuye.Ihame, ibikoresho byingirakamaro bigomba kuba hafi bishoboka kubikoresho nyamukuru, aho ibikoresho byo gusohora ibikoresho n’imyanda bigomba gutekereza ahakorerwa, kandi hakaba hariho inzira zo gutwara abantu.
6, fungura ibikorwa byintoki, usibye kwemeza aho ukorera bihagije, ariko nanone usuzume sitasiyo, ibikoresho bya sitasiyo, agasanduku k'ibikoresho, aho ibintu byakorewe hamwe n'umuyoboro ujyanye no gutwara no gutwara abantu.
7, kuva mumahugurwa muri rusange kugirango dusuzume neza umuyoboro wibikoresho, ibikoresho byo kubungabunga ibikoresho, umutekano wumuriro numuryango wimuka wumutekano, niba ari uruganda rwamagorofa, kugirango harebwe imiterere yintambwe zo kwimura umutekano.
8, ukurikije inzira yimirimo itandukanye nibisabwa bitandukanye kubikorwa byakazi cyangwa urwego rusukuye rwibisabwa bitandukanye, birashobora gukanda primer yamahugurwa yose primer, umurongo wa kashe, gutwikira no gusiga irangi, kumisha, gukora intoki, ibikoresho byingirakamaro nko kugabana ibice , ni byiza kubikoresho, umurongo utanga umusaruro hamwe no kugenzura isuku yamahugurwa, nanone byorohereza gutunganya ubushyuhe, nibindi.
9, kubikoresho rusange byumwuga hamwe nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bifasha muri kariya gace bigomba kubikwa (nk'imashini ishyushya ibihingwa no guhumeka ikirere, icyumba cyo kugenzura hagati, laboratoire, ibiro by'amahugurwa, ibikoresho byose hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika ububiko, ibikoresho nibikoresho byo kubungabunga ibikoresho , umusarani, icyumba cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ubwinjiriro bwamashanyarazi, nibindi).
10. Muburyo bwa gahunda yinzibacyuho ihuza intera nintera, gahunda yimiterere igomba gutekereza byimazeyo kwaguka no guhinduka mugihe kizaza.Ihame, igice cyo kwaguka gishobora gutandukanywa nigice gihari, kugirango umusaruro usanzwe udashobora kwangizwa no kwaguka, kandi inzibacyuho igomba kugerwaho mugihe gito cyane.
11, muguhindura uruganda rushaje, gukoresha ibihingwa bishaje, imiterere yibikoresho kugirango dusuzume neza imiterere yimiterere yibihingwa byumwimerere, uko bishoboka kwose ntibihindure igihingwa cyambere, bigomba guhinduka, kugirango harebwe impinduka.
12. Ingano yerekana nubunini bwibikoresho biri muri gahunda bigomba kuba bisobanutse.Rusange rusange ya datum ni axis cyangwa umurongo wo hagati winkingi, kandi rimwe na rimwe irashobora gushingira kurukuta (ntibisabwa).Ibikoresho byo gutwara imashini byerekana icyerekezo cyibikorwa, catenary kugirango yerekane uburebure bwumuhanda hejuru.
13. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bigomba gukoreshwa kuko gahunda igaragaza ibintu byinshi, kandi buri shami rishinzwe ibishushanyo mbonera ryakarere rifite imigani yaryo.Buri gahunda igomba kugira umugani, ushobora gusobanurwa mubisobanuro kuri gahunda.
14, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gushyiramo gahunda, kuzamuka hamwe nigice, nibiba ngombwa gushushanya umwanya wamahugurwa yo gushushanya mubishushanyo rusange.Niba igishushanyo kimwe kidashobora kwerekana neza imiterere, ibishushanyo bibiri cyangwa bitatu birashobora gukoreshwa.Ihame ni ukorohereza abasomyi kumva ishusho rusange y amahugurwa.Igice kidasobanutse mugushushanya kirashobora gusobanurwa mumurongo wigishushanyo.
Mu miterere ya sitasiyo n'ibikoresho, aho bakorera, inzira y'abanyamaguru n'inzira zitwara abantu zirashobora gutegurwa ukurikije ibipimo bikurikira.
Umubiri nyamukuru wibikoresho ni metero 1 ~ 1.5 uvuye kumurongo wigihingwa cyangwa kurukuta;Ubugari bwahantu ho gukorera ni metero 1 ~ 2;Ubugari bw'inzira nyabagendwa yo kubungabunga no kugenzura ibikoresho ni 0.8 ~ 1 m;Ubugari bw'inzira nyabagendwa ni metero 1.5;Ubugari bwumuyoboro ushobora gutwara trolley ni metero 2,5;Intera yo gukoresha intoki ntigomba kurenza metero 2,5;Intera kuva kuri sitasiyo kugera hafi y’umutekano usohoka cyangwa ingazi ntigomba kurenza metero 75, mu nyubako yamagorofa ntigomba kurenza metero 50.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-16-2022